Junior QASeleniumFree question

How do you handle multiple windows and tabs?

60-second answer

Each window or tab has a unique handle. I store the current handle with getWindowHandle, perform the action that opens the new window, then loop through getWindowHandles and switch to the one that isn't the original. After working in it, I close it and switch back to the original handle. In Selenium 4, I can also open a new tab or window directly with driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB). I wait for the number of windows to become two before switching.

Explanation

getWindowHandle() → current; getWindowHandles() → Set<String> of all.
switchTo().window(handle) to move.
close() closes the current one; you must switch back afterwards or the next command fails with NoSuchWindowException.
ExpectedConditions.numberOfWindowsToBe(2) avoids timing issues.

Example

Clicking "Terms" opens a new tab. Verify its title, close it, and continue checkout in the original tab.

Sample code

String main = driver.getWindowHandle();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Terms")).click();
new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(5))
    .until(ExpectedConditions.numberOfWindowsToBe(2));

for (String h : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
    if (!h.equals(main)) { driver.switchTo().window(h); break; }
}
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getTitle().contains("Terms"));
driver.close();
driver.switchTo().window(main);

// Selenium 4: open a new tab yourself
driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);